In cloth, the threads which run the length of the roll. Sometimes referred to as the grain direction. See also weft.
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In cloth, the threads which run the length of the roll. Sometimes referred to as the grain direction. See also weft.
A protective sheet of paper incorporated in the endpapers and either cut down or removed during binding.
A secure knot for joining thread together.
In cloth, the threads which run at right angles to the length of the roll.
A binding that is covered entirely in the same material.
In papermaking, the moving belt of woven phosphor bronze or nylon on which the pulp falls to make the paper web and which thus determines the grain direction of the fibres.
Paper without a pattern of wires, normally visible when held to the light.
The covers of a binding that has no boards. They can be paper or vellum.